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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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061289
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1990-09-22
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SCIENCE, Page 59Gene-Splicing Revolution?A new bioengineering method lets sperm do the work
The claim is so dramatic and startling that some biologists,
perhaps mindful of the recent flap over test-tube atomic fusion,
have been wary of taking it at face value. But an experiment
reported by researchers at the University of Rome and at that
city's Institute of Biomedical Technology may mean that the genetic
engineering of animals -- grafting characteristics from one
organism onto another -- has taken a major step forward.
Instead of using the conventional technique of painstakingly
inserting foreign genes into an egg cell with a tiny needle, the
scientists simply bathed sperm cells in a solution of bacterial
DNA. The sperm, from mice, incorporated the genes by some still
unknown process, then went on to fertilize eggs in a test tube. As
the mice matured, 30% of them produced an enzyme normally made only
by bacteria -- proof that the bacterial DNA had become part of the
mice's genetic makeup.
The experiment has been called a potential "cornerstone in
biology." Maybe so, but it will hardly make genetic engineering a
kitchen-table technology. Advocates of gene transplants have long
pointed to the potential benefits of altered animals --
disease-resistant pigs, fast-growing cows and the like. Medical
researchers are already using engineered mice to study the
mechanics of cancer and heart disease. But genetic engineering is
a process that involves many difficult steps, and the new
breakthrough will at best simplify just one of them.
Those limitations should help allay the worst fear of biotech
watchers: the new technique could be used by unethical researchers
to manipulate the genetic makeup of humans. "It's amazing if true,
and would make our work much easier," says Steven Holtzman of
Embryogen Corp., a biotechnology firm with labs in Princeton, N.J.
But no one is about to abandon the standard technique until other
scientists complete tests of the Italians' work -- a process that
is already well under way.